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DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865651
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Die chirurgische Therapie der diabetischen Retinopathie
Publication History
Publication Date:
22 April 2005 (online)

Die diabetische Retinopathie (DR) ist heute die häufigste Erblindungsursache im erwerbsfähigen Alter, also zwischen dem 30. und 60. Lebensjahr [[21]]. Für Deutschland muss mit ungefähr 6000 - 10 000 Neuerblindungen pro Jahr gerechnet werden [[7]]; die Zahl der jährlichen Neuerkrankungen liegt bei 50 000 - 60 000. Diabetiker haben ein 10- bis 20-mal höheres Erblindungsrisiko als die gesunde Bevölkerung. Das Auftreten der diabetischen Retinopathie korreliert relativ gut mit der Diabetesdauer: Typ-2-Diabetiker leiden nach 5 Jahren
Die diabetische Retinopathie ist die häufigste Erblindungsursache im erwerbsfähigen Alter. |
Die Progression des Krankheitsbildes wird wesentlich von der Qualität der Blutzuckereinstellung, aber auch von der Kontrolle der oft bestehenden arteriellen Hypertonie beeinflusst,
Blutzuckereinstellung und antihypertensive Therapie sind wesentliche Bestandteile der Prävention und Behandlung der diabetischen Retinopathie. |
Tab. 1 Aktuelle Therapie der diabetischen Retinopathie Aktuelle Therapie - Blutzuckereinstellung Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Die intensivierte Insulintherapie verzögert das Auftreten und die Progression von diabetischer Retinopathie, Neuropathie und Nephropathie bei Typ-1-Diabetikern. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Die intensivierte Therapie mit HbA1c-Werten von 7 % senkt das Risiko der Entstehung einer Mikroangiopathie um ca 25 % bei Typ-2-Diabetikern. Aktuelle Therapieempfehlungen der American Diabetes Association (ADA) Zielwerte: Nüchtern-Blutzucker < 110 mg/dl, HbA1c < 7 % Aktuelle Therapie - Blutdruckkontrolle Wisconsin Epidemiological Study of Diabetic Retinopathy Es besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Progression der PDR und hohen diastolischen Blutdruckwerten bei Typ-1-Diabetes. Hypertension in Diabetes Study (HPS, Teil der UKPDS) Die intensivierte Blutdruckeinstellung verzögert die Progression der diabetischen Retinopathie und einen möglichen Sehverlust (reduziert um 47 % über 9 Jahre). Aktuelle Therapieempfehlungen der American Diabetes Association (ADA) und anderer Zielwerte für den Blutdruck: < 130 mm Hg systolisch, < 85 mm Hg diastolisch
In Ergänzung werden zur Zeit verschiedene medikamentöse Therapieansätze zur Behandlung der nichtproliferativen diabetischen Retinopathie (NPDR) verfolgt (Somatostatinanaloga, Calciumdobesilat,
Erst die fortgeschrittene proliferative diabetische Retinopathie wird chirurgisch behandelt. |
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PD Dr. Christos Haritoglou
Augenklinik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
Mathildenstraße 8
80336 München
Email: christos.haritoglou@med.uni-muenchen.de